The Orthogonality Relation
The functions are
said to be orthogonal over the interval [–1,1],
and the orthogonality relation is given by
(1.3.1.1) 
To prove equation (1.3.1.1), we start with the trigonometric identity,

When we use this in the integral, we get that

If t is an integer other than 0,
then 
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