PAGANS, CHRISTIANS, & JEWS:

Religion, Culture, and Conflict in late Antiquity

 

     This course explores the development and interaction of traditional Roman paganism, early Christianity and Judaism.  We will become acquainted with the primary sources for these worldviews and religions.  We will examine their growth, their structures and beliefs, their reactions to one another, their mutation and putative eclipse.

     Your attention and contribution in class is essential for the success of the course.  You are expected to read widely beyond the very selective reading list.  Writing, critical analysis of the material and the lectures are crucial to your success.  The late-Antique world and the Greek speaking east in particular produced a vibrant and powerful form of imperial paganism that many claim is still with us.  It’s imfluence and forms most certainly are still extant.  This period and place also produced the three monotheistic faiths that are still with us in variant forms and for the most part seem not to get along.  We will examine all of this and control the questions and material that informs our contemporary knowledge of these movements, religions and wordviews.

     There are three in-class tests in C, P & J.  There are two critical research papers of approx. ten pages in length.  This does not include notes and bibliography.  Your participation in class is important for your success.  There will be periodic discussion sessions aimed at clarifying readings and other issues.  Attendance at these sessions is highly advisable.

 

SEPT.  8: Intro, readings, business

 

HELLENISM AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE HELLENISTIC WORLD

SEPT. 10-20: Hellenization; Alexander the Great; Ptolemaic and Seleucid kingdoms; Alexander’s cities and version of Greek culture; the “case study” of the Maccabees; Resistance as a mode of assimilation; READINGS: I Maccabees; Judith; S. Cohen 11-32; 34-103.

 

SEPT. 22-27: THE EMERGENCE OF ROMAN RULE & EMPIRE

Pompey invades; Gabinius the administrator; Actium; Octavian and Mark Anthony; Augustus – “Rulers of the World, the toga bearing Romans;” the Herods as quintessential provincial client lords; READINGS: E-Readings: Josephus section; the World of Augustus; Psalms of Solomon; Book of Daniel.

 

TEST I: Sept. 29

 

LEARNING TO LIVE AND LOVE THE LIFE OF AN AVERAGE ROMAN

PAGANISM IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE

OCT. 1-15: Ordering the Universe – the Gods; PRIVATE RELIGION; family, pater familias; slaves and family; women in Augustan Rome; birthdays; tradition; religion of the army; Egyptians cults; Syrian and Asia; a most high god?

   PUBLIC RELIGION: Temples and other public buildings; public space and order; the imperial cult – Son of God; coins, slogans and titles; Roman imperial ideology and religion;  a world full with gods; education and philosophy; virtue, otium, piety; E-Readings; inscriptions; MacMullen 1-18; 73-93; 49-61; 18-48; 94-130

 

TEST II: Oct. 20

First Research Paper is Due October 22 – Make sure to set up an appointment with Prof. Overman

 

 

 

THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITIES AND SECOND TEMPLE JUDAISM

Oct. 25-Nov.17:  “second temple Judaism;” Judaisms after the Maccabean revolt; Roman impact on Judaism; “sectarian” Judaisms; resistance and “popular movements against Rome; “Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees;” Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls; certain Jesus Movements – another popular leader; the first Revolt; Judaisms and “Christianities” after the revolt and destruction of the temple; diaspora Judaism; Paul – his letters and his world; Paul after Paul;  The recognition of Christianity in the Roman world; Gnosticism; Christian anti-Semitism; READINGS: the Gospels; Paul’s Letters; Cohen chaps. 2, 4-6; E-Readings – Gnostic Gospels; Josephus, Roetzel, Overman.

 

THE SO-CALLED TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY, THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LATE ANTIQUE WORLD & RABBINIC JUDAISM

Nov. 19-Dec.15: Christianity and Paganism together; Christianity’s detractors; Constantine, Nicea, and the Christianizing of the Roman world; Creeds and Controversies; Legislation about Christianity and Paganism; the dramatic shift eastward; the formation and genius of Rabbinic Judaism; the lights go out in the west; whither paganism?  What happened to Jesus?  Across the Euphrates; Pre-Islamic Arab culture; the Rise of Islam; Mullahs, Martyrs, Rabbis and Byzantine religion; exit the late antique world.

READINGS: Brown; Cohen chap. 7; E-Readings: Fowler; Monasticism.

QUIZ III: Dec. 13

Final Paper Due Dec.17  Make sure to see Prof. Overman