Brunn, Stanley D. and Jack F. Williams, Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development. HarperCollins College Publishers, New York, NY. 1993.

Harris, Walter D., The Growth of Latin American Cities. Ohio University Press, Athens, OH. 1971.

Knight, Franklin W., Atlantic Port Cities. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN. 1991.

Montalvo, Maria Luisa Lobo, Havana: History and Architecture of a Romantic City. The Monacelli Press, Italy. 2000.

Stout, Nancy and Jorge Rigau. Havana. Rizzoli, New York, NY. 1994.

 www.britannica.com

www.cityfarmer.org/cuba.html

www.immigration-usa.com/wfb/cuba_geography.html

http://library.thinkquest.org

www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/caribbean/havana/