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Fall 2003
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Instructor:
Karl Wirth |
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Class
Meetings: MWF 2:20 - 4:20 pm |
Office:
Olin/Rice 113 |
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Phone:
651-696-6449 |
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E-mail:
wirth@macalester.edu |
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Objectives
& Format
The Mineralogy course introduces students to the composition and structure
of minerals, the basic building blocks of the Earth. Once you know how
to “read” them, minerals can provide information about the
origin and evolution of rocks and the Earth. The primary objective of
this course is to help you learn how to read these clues!
Specifically, by the end of this course you will:
- be familiar with the physical properties of minerals
- will recognize
common minerals and will be able to identify others
- understand the
relationships between internal (composition and structure) and external
properties of minerals
- be familiar with the equipment (spectrograph,
optical microscope, x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron
microscope), methods, and literature used to study
minerals
- be introduced to the physical conditions that affect
the stability and occurrence of minerals
- know
how to use the interaction of light with solid materials to study
minerals
- know how to utilize the interaction of x-rays
with crystalline materials to study minerals
- have
the research skills necessary to investigate minerals and rocks
- recognize
elements of symmetry and have improved 3D visualization skills
- be
able to interpret the broader significance of mineral compositions
and structures
The course is designed to have a studio format. In other words, lecture
and laboratory are not separate. The class meets in three two-hour blocks
to provide maximum flexibility for moving between hands-on, group activities,
and lecture. In general, whenever possible we will try to learn by “doing” rather
than by more traditional lecture. Therefore, it is essential that you
come prepared to class. This means that you must do the assigned readings
before class in order to effectively benefit and contribute to the classroom
activities. Many of our activities will also be based on teamwork, and
you are encouraged to work closely with others in the course throughout
the semester. However, it is important that you make sure each team member
has full ownership and understanding of the course materials. |
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Texts & Materials
Required
Text:
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| Neese |
(2000) |
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Introduction to Minerals |
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Additional
References: |
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Allègre
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(1992) |
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From Stone to Star |
Deer, Howie & Zussman
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(1992) |
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An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals (2nd) |
Ehlers
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(1987) |
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Optical Mineralogy - V. I. Theory and Technique |
Zoltai and
Stout
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(1984) |
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Mineralogy: Concepts and Principles |
Blackburn
and Dennen
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(1988) |
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Principles of Mineralogy |
Klein
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(2002)
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Mineral Science - After James D. Dana (22nd edition)
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Klein
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(1989) |
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Minerals
and Rocks - Exercises in Crystallography, Mineralogy, and Hand
Specimen Petrology |
Mason and
Berry
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(1968) |
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Elements of Mineralogy |
Frye
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(1974) |
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Modern Mineralogy |
Phillips
and Griffen
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(1981) |
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Optical Mineralogy - The Nonopaque Minerals |
Mineralogical
Society
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Reviews in Mineralogy |
MacKenzie
and Guilford
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(1980) |
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Atlas of Rock-Forming Minerals in Thin Section |
Carmichael
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(1989) |
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CRC
Practical Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals |
Stoiber
and Morse
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(1972) |
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Microscopic Identification of Crystals |
Bloss
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(1961) |
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An Introduction
to the Methods of Optical Crystallography |
Bloss
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(1971) |
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Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry |
Neese
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(1991) |
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Introduction to Optical Mineralogy (2nd edition) |
Wood
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(1977) |
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Crystals
and Light - An Introduction to Optical Crystallography |
Cullity
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(1978) |
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Elements of X-Ray Diffraction |
Greenwood
and Earnshaw
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(1984) |
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Chemistry of the Elements |
Cox
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(1989) |
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The Elements |
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| Recommended
Supplies: |
| Hand lens (10x) |
Colored pencils (red,
blue, and yellow)
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Assessment
How to Succeed in this Course
This course is designed so that readings, lectures, and laboratory exercises
reinforce each other. If you give it your honest effort (i.e., attend
class, lab and field trips; do all the assigned readings before class;
take notes and ask questions in class; complete all of the laboratory
exercises; re-read your notes and the assignments after class/lab;
and seek assistance whenever you have questions) it is highly probable
that you will receive a letter grade of at least a B+. Trust me! As
always, you also have the option of ignoring all of the above and going
for the "Squash Challenge" (challenge me to a match on the
squash court). However, you should be warned that no one has ever attempted
this option before!
| Category |
Percentage |
| Laboratory
Exercises |
40 |
| Classroom/Field
Trip Participation |
10 |
| Oral Presentation & Report |
10 |
| Mid-Term Exams |
30 |
| Oral Exam |
10 |
| TOTAL |
100% |
Lab
Assignments
Laboratory assignments are due in lab the week after they are assigned. I am
usually quite understanding if you have other conflicts that week, but you must
talk to me before the fact! Late lab assignments will receive a lower grade.
Incompletes
Incompletes are granted only under unusual circumstances. Do not wait until
the end of the semester to discuss this with me if you anticipate extraordinary
circumstances during the semester.
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Schedule (click
here to download a copy of the schedule in PDF format) - revised
09/10/03
Wk |
Date |
Topic |
Reading |
Activity |
1 |
09/03 |
Course Intro and Department Tour |
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Classification |
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09/05 |
Mineral Groups & Physical Properties |
3-5; 97-113 |
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2 |
09/08 |
Symmetry and External Form |
6-12 |
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09/10 |
Crystal Systems and Classes |
12-19 |
Unit Cells & Lattices (3) |
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09/12 |
Miller Indices & Forms |
19-38 |
Crystal Systems (5) |
3 |
09/15 |
Projection |
175-180 |
Miller Indices (4) |
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09/17 |
Native Elements |
397-404 |
Packing & Spaces (1, 2) |
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09/19 |
Origin and Composition of Earth |
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4 |
09/22 |
Crystal Chemistry and Bonding |
39-53 |
Unit Cells |
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09/24 |
Packing and Lattices |
53-73 |
Native Elements |
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09/26 |
Sulfides |
378-386 |
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5 |
09/29 |
Oxides & Hydroxides |
356-377 |
Introduction to Optics |
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10/01 |
Light & Color in Minerals |
74-75 |
Sulfides |
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10/03 |
Optical Properties of Matter |
114-121 |
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6 |
10/06 |
Isotropic Minerals |
121-130 |
Isotropic Minerals |
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10/08 |
Mid-Term Exam I |
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Oxides |
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10/10 |
Uniaxial Minerals |
151-156 |
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7 |
10/13 |
Uniaxial Minerals |
131-136 |
Uniaxial Minerals |
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10/15 |
Uniaxial Minerals |
136-143 |
Oxides + Halides |
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10/17 |
Biaxial Minerals |
143-151 |
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8 |
10/20 |
Biaxial Minerals |
156-159 |
Biaxial Minerals |
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10/22 |
Biaxial Minerals and Review |
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Carbonates et al. |
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10/24 |
Break |
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9 |
10/27 |
X-Ray Diffraction |
160-168 |
X-Ray Diffraction |
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10/29 |
X-Ray Diffraction |
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Nesosilicates |
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10/31 |
Mid-Term Exam II |
169-174 |
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10 |
11/03 |
Silicates - Nesosilicates |
183-200 |
X-Ray Diffraction/Petrog. |
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11/05 |
Nesosilicates |
306-325 |
Inosilicates |
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11/07 |
Sorosilicates & Cyclosilicates |
291-305 |
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11 |
11/10 |
Inosilicates |
261-277 |
SEM-EDS Analysis |
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11/12 |
Inosilicates |
277-290 |
Sorosilicates & Cyclosilicates |
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11/14 |
Phyllosilicates |
234-252 |
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12 |
11/17 |
Phyllosilicates |
252-260 |
Mineral Project |
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11/19 |
Tectosilicates - Silica Polymorphs |
201-208 |
Phyllosilicates |
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11/21 |
Tectosilicates - Feldspars |
208-225 |
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13 |
11/24 |
Tectosilicates - Feldspars |
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Mineral Project |
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11/26 |
Tectosilicates - Feldspathoids |
225-234 |
Tectosilicates |
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11/28 |
Thanksgiving |
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14 |
12/01 |
Halides |
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Mineral Project |
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12/03 |
Carbonates |
326--340 |
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12/05 |
Nitrates, Borates, Sulfates |
340-346 |
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15 |
12/08 |
Chromates, Tungstates, Molybdates |
346-355 |
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12/10 |
Phosphates, Arsenates, and Vanadates |
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12/12 |
Sonju Lake Intrusion Conference |
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Mineral Project Presentations |
16 |
12/15 |
Mid-Term Exam III |
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Links
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