Personal Web Pages Macalester College

Raymond Rogers, Professor, Chair

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Courses Taught


GEOL 194
First Year Courses

GEOL 155
History and Evolution of the Earth

GEOL 201
Geological Excursions (Bahamas)

GEOL 201
Geological Excursions (Big Bend, Texas)

GEOL 265
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy

GEOL 294
Episodes in the History of Life

GEOL 300
Paleobiology

GEOL 394
Advanced Topics in Sed. Geology/Paleobiology

GEOL 450
Senior Seminar


GEOL 155 History and Evolution of the Earth

    Offered every spring semester, occasionally offered as a first year course in the fall, 4 credits, lab


History and Evolution of the Earth provides an overview of Earth history that spans ~4.5 billion years. Students in the class explore the concept of geologic time as they delve into the vast past of our evolving planet. Major emphasis is placed on tracking the evolution of life, from the simplest single-celled organisms of the ancient Earth to today's diverse floras and faunas. Another major focus of the course is the linkage and various feedbacks among abiotic and biotic systems—the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere did not and do not evolve independently. The laboratory component of this course is designed to familiarize students with the rocks and fossils that archive the history of Earth. The class includes field trips to local areas of geologic and paleontologic interest. This course is required for geology majors and minors. No prerequisites.




Major Topics of Study Include:
  • Evolution and the history of life
  • Plate tectonics and mountain building
  • Description and interpretation of rocks and fossils
  • Methods of reconstructing ancient environments and climates



Macalester College - Geology Department · 1600 Grand Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105  USA · 651-696-6105
Comments and questions to thole@macalester.edu