Macalester College                                                                                Spring 2004

History 349: African Americans and the Transformation of the City, 1890-1945

Tuesday/Thursday  8:30 – 10:00 AM                                                   Old Main 009

Peter Rachleff            rachleff@macalester.edu            X6371             Old Main 306

 

     The U.S. Census of 1890 revealed that African Americans were the most rural racial or ethnic group in U.S. society.  By 1960, they would be the most urbanized group.  This course explores the causes and consequences of this seemingly straightforward and simple demographic fact.  Why did millions of African Americans leave the South for certain Northern cities, particularly between 1915 and 1930?  How did they organize their relocation, from the costs of transportation to the securing of housing and employment?  Who left and who stayed behind?  How were the migrants greeted by long-time northern residents, both Black and White?  How did this population shift impact African American culture?  How did it impact U.S. culture?  What were its political ramifications?  How did this shift alter the structures and patterns of racism?

     In our pursuit of these – and related – questions, we will read a variety of secondary sources and examine a rich trove of primary sources.  Our class sessions will mix lecture, discussions, small group work, student presentations, and other formats.  It is vital that you come to class regularly, prepared to work with the day’s reading assignment.  Your grades will reflect your participation in the course’s daily work.  There will be no exams, but there will be a mix of writing assignments, from short, directed “reaction papers” to essay assignments which ask you to synthesize reading materials to a research paper which asks you to do some additional digging on an artist of your choice.

     While this course is not restricted to History majors or students with a background in African American Studies or History, it does assume that you have experience working with primary and secondary sources, that you know what an argument is and are comfortable evaluating others’ arguments and formulating your own, and that you have some experience writing papers.  The reading load is substantial, but I am confident that you will find it engaging and stimulating.  I am also hoping that you will bring into the classroom your work in related areas – literature, music, theater, the visual arts, politics, economics, sociology, and the study of race and race relations in an international context.  We will all get more out of this class if we share our knowledge and direct it at the subject at hand.  It is important that we maintain an environment in which all feel comfortable speaking up, whether it is to ask a question or to share particular knowledge.

 

     The following books are available for purchase:

        Lawrence Levine, BLACK CULTURE AND BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS

        Eric Arnesen, ed., BLACK PROTEST AND THE GREAT MIGRATION

        Farah Jasmine Griffin, WHO SET YOU FLOWIN’?

        James Grossman, LAND OF HOPE

        Milton Sernett, BOUND FOR THE PROMISED LAND

        William Maxwell, NEW NEGRO, OLD LEFT

        Theodore Kornweibel, SEEING RED

        Alain Locke, ed., THE NEW NEGRO

        Harvard Sitkoff, A NEW DEAL FOR BLACKS

         

                                                                                                                                             2.

 

daily syllabus (subject to change)

 

1/27  Introduction to the course

         Historical context: Defeat of Reconstruction and Rise of Jim Crow

 

1/29  African American Culture During Slavery

         read: BLACK CULTURE AND BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS, 1 & 2

 

2/3    African American Culture and Emancipation

         read: BLACK CULTURE AND BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS, 3 & 4

 

2/5    African American Popular Culture at the Turn of the Century

         read: BLACK CULTURE AND BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS, 5 & 6

         **Hand out topic for Reaction Paper #1, due 2/10

         PM: Performance: “OF Ebony Embers/Vignettes of the Harlem Renaissance”

 

2/10   The Great Migration: Historical and Cultural Context

         read: BLACK PROTEST AND THE GREAT MIGRATION, Part One, 1-44

                  WHO SET YOU FLOWIN’? Intro and 1, 3-47

        ** Reaction Paper #1 due

 

2/11  African American Studies Symposium (Wednesday evening 7 – 9 PM)

         “Class, Gender, and Generation: Negotiations within Black Families”

 

2/12  The Migration: Observations and Perspectives on the Scene

         read: BLACK PROTEST AND THE GREAT MIGRATION, Part Two, 45-66

                  LAND OF HOPE, 1 & 2, 13-65

         **Hand out topic for Reaction Paper #2, due 2/17

 

2/13 – 2/14 – 2/15: African American Studies Conference

         “Fifty Years Since Brown v. Board of Education: Where Are We Now?”

         Friday evening, Saturday day, Sunday morning/early afternoon

 

2/17   Urbanization

          read: WHO SET YOU FLOWIN’? 2, 48-99

                   LAND OF HOPE, 3 & 4, 66-122

          **Reaction Paper #2 due

 

2/19    Urbanization

           read: LAND OF HOPE, 5 & 6, 123-180

                    BLACK PROTEST AND THE GREAT MIGRATION, Two, 2, 67-86

 

 

 

                                                                                                                                      3.

2/24    Remaking the City

           read: WHO SET YOU FLOWIN’? 3, 100-141

                     BLACK PROTEST AND THE GREAT MIGRATION, Two, 3, 87-127

 

2/26    Proletarianization

           read: LAND OF HOPE, 7 & 8, 181-245

                    BLACK PROTEST AND THE GREAT MIGRATION, Two, 4, 128-146

                    Needleman, BLACK FREEDOM FIGHTERS IN STEEL , pp. 13-26

                            (electronic course folder)

 

3/2      Transplantation & Transformation of African American Christianity

           read: BOUND FOR THE PROMISED LAND, Intro, 1-5, 1-153

           **Hand out topics for Essay Paper #1, due 3/11

 

3/4      Transplantation & Transformation of African American Christianity

           read: BOUND FOR THE PROMISED LAND, 6-8, Conclusion, 154-250

 

3/9      Culture, Politics, and a New Radicalism

           read: NEW NEGRO, OLD LEFT, Intro and 1

 

3/11    Culture, Politics, and a New Radicalism

           read: BLACK PROTEST AND THE GREAT MIGRATION, Two, 5-6, 147-198

           **Essay Paper #1 due

           **Hand out guidelines for Research Paper on an artist, due 4/8

 

3/15 – 3/21  SPRING BREAK (read Kornweibel, SEEING RED)

 

3/23    Radicalism and Repression

           read: SEEING RED

 

3/25    Culture, Politics, and the New Negro

           read: NEW NEGRO, OLD LEFT, 2

                    SEEING RED

 

3/30    Culture, Politics, and the New Negro

           read: THE NEW NEGRO, selections to be announced

 

4/1      Culture, Politics, and the New Negro

           read: THE NEW NEGRO, selections to be announced

 

4/6      Culture, Politics, and the New Negro

           read: THE NEW NEGRO, selections to be announced

 

 

 

                                                                                                               4.

4/8      A New Culture? Another Look

           read: LAND OF HOPE, 9 & Conclusion

                    WHO SET YOU FLOWIN’?, 4

 

4/13   The Great Depression and the New Deal

          read: A NEW DEAL FOR BLACKS, chaps. 1-4

                   Trotter, “From a Raw Deal to a New Deal” (course folder)

                                                                                                               

 

4/15   The Great Depression and the New Deal

          read: A NEW DEAL FOR BLACKS, 5-7

         Needleman, BLACK FREEDOM FIGHTERS IN STEEL, 27-45, 66-76

                      (electronic course folder)

         **Hand out topic for Reaction Paper #3, due 4/22

         

4/20   The Great Depression and the New Deal

          read: A NEW DEAL FOR BLACKS, 8-13

 

4/22   A New Radicalism?

          read: NEW NEGRO, OLD LEFT, 3

          **Reaction Paper #3 due

          **Hand out topics for Final Essay Paper, due 5/7

 

4/27   A New Radicalism?

          read: NEW NEGRO, OLD LEFT, 4          

 

4/29   A New Radicalism?

          read: NEW NEGRO, OLD LEFT, 5

 

5/4     The Legacy

          read: NEW NEGRO, OLD LEFT, 6

                  WHO SET YOU FLOWIN’?, 5

 

5/7    **Final Essay Paper due at noon