Two of the major candidates for treatment with neural stem cells are the movement disorders Huntington's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. These diseases have somewhat opposite symptoms. Huntington's is characterized by excessive movement and Parkinson's by a lack of control of movement. However both are the result of a dysfunction within the Basal Ganglia, a brain area located in the heart of the nervous system. The Basal Ganglia are a fairly complex set of structures, so I have made a page which explain what they are and how they work. Reading it will make it easier to understand why the neural stem cell treatments work the way they do.
The diseases themselves are very difficult to treat with conventional treatments, because they involve the degeneration and death of neurons. While it is possible to treat some of the symptoms, it has been very difficult to fix the damage caused by the death of these neurons. Since neural stem cells can grow into new neurons they offer a new type of therapy for these diseases. Also, the damage in Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases is fairly specific, and located in only one area. This makes it easier to design a neural stem cells treatment.
Below are links to pages where i talk specific treatment for the two disorders