•  Dystonic reactions are  involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles (Lee 1979, in Perry 2001).
• Dystonias commonly involve the muscles of the head and face, producing spasms of the mouth, oculogyric crisis, facial grimacing, tics, or contraction of the muscles of mastication (trismus). When the neck is affected, the result is  torticollis or retrocollis.
•  The trunk  and the limbs may also be affected.
• Dystonia may cause chipped teeth, dislocation of the jaw, and  tongue injuries.
• 72% of patients affected  develop as simple dystonias (affecting one muscle group only).
  
•  dytoinias that combine more than two muscle groups are observed in 28% of patients  (Lee 1979, in Perry 2001).
  

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 (2) Akathiasia

• Akathisia is the subjective experience of motor restlessness such as  inability to sit or stand still, or the compulsive need to pace or cross and uncross the legs (Tarsy 1983, Van Putten et al 1984, in Perry 2001). Patients also experience the need to be in constant motion.
• Insomnia may also be part of these effects, especially because patients  cannot lie in bed for long enough to fall asleep.
• 90% of patients with akathisia develop these effects within the first 73 days of treatment and 50% within the first month (Ayd 1961, in Perry 2001).

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(3) Parkinsonism 

•  Parkinsonian side effects include tremor and  rigidity. These symptom may occur individually or in combination (Tarsy 1983, in Perry 2001). Drooling, affected gait and oily skin may also be developed.
•  Akinesia (lack of movement) may develop from as slowness in initiating movement and fatigue when doing  repetitive movements (bradykinesia).  For this reason, someone with parkinsonian side effects may  appear apathetic because they have little facial expression, walk with difficulty, and  develop cramped handwriting (micrographia).
• Tremor may be present both during movement  and at rest.  It usually originates s in one arms.
• As other EPSE, parkinsonian side effects are dose-related. However, it is also known that older patients are at higher risk.