Chemistry 23. Analytical Chemistry
INSTRUCTOR: Prof. Keith T. Kuwata, Olin-Rice 318, 696-6768, kuwata@macalester.edu.
DESCRIPTION: “The vital point here is that if the research is aimed at methods of solution of a measurement problem, it is properly classified as analytical chemistry, whereas the interpretation of the results of the measurements infringes upon other fields of chemistry.” [H.A. Laitenen, Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 1441.]
The first part of the course covers the basic tools needed for quantitative analysis: statistics, calibration, stoichiometric and equilibrium reactions, and an introduction to the most important instrumental method of analysis today—spectrophotometry. In the second part of the course we will go into great detail quantifying acid/base, precipitation, and complex ion equilibria. We conclude by revisiting spectrophotometry as a powerful tool for measuring chemical equilibrium, and discussing the fundamentals of electrochemistry and chromatography. Our emphasis throughout will be the treatment of quantitative measurements of chemical abundances; how these measurements are made is the focus of Chemistry 61: Instrumental Analysis, which you are encouraged to take sometime before you graduate!
LECTURES: MWF from 9:40 a.m. to 10:40 a.m. in Olin-Rice 301. Attendance is not mandatory, but highly encouraged. It is your responsibility to read each chapter before lectures on the material begin. See p. 3 of this syllabus for the approximate lecture schedule. While I may approach a subject differently from your text, doing the reading will nevertheless help you understand the lectures a lot more, and equip you to ask questions during class.
LABORATORIES AND INDEPENDENT PROJECT: Tuesdays 8:30 – 11:40 a.m. No regular additional sessions (despite what the registrar’s course schedule says!). However, due to limited resources (e.g. we have only one atomic absorption spectrometer), you may need to do some work outside the “official” lab time. A major purpose of this course is to train you in the process of experimental work. To that end, you will be required to keep a detailed laboratory notebook. This will be turned in for grading three times during the semester (see the course schedule). You will also explore a problem in chemical analysis of your own choosing, do measurements during four weekly lab sessions (plus additional times, if necessary), and report on your findings in class. (More details later.)
REQUIRED TEXT: Daniel C.
Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., W. H. Freeman, New
York, 1999. (A modern classic…and quite
entertaining to read--for a chemistry book, anyway!)
OTHER REQUIRED MATERIALS: You
must wear safety goggles during all laboratory sessions. You must also purchase a bound
laboratory notebook. (Please: no
loose-leaf or perforated notebooks!)
PROBLEM SETS: Assignments
(usually problems from your text) will usually be handed out a week before they
are due (see p. 3 for due dates). No late homework will be accepted unless
you are sick, and must, in any case, be turned in before the test on that
material. Note that Problem Sets 3, 6, and 9, which are due the class periods
immediately before tests, are not likely to be graded before the
tests. However, my solutions for these
(and all other) problems sets will be posted to help you study.
For mathematical problems, you must show the process by which you obtained your answer. This final numerical answer must contain the correct number of significant figures and have the appropriate physical units attached. This is required to receive full credit on both homework and exam problems.
Doing the assigned homework is essential for you to learn the material and do well on exams. (It is also worth a fair bit of your final grade—see below.) However, do not expect the specific problems I assign to be a “targeted rehearsal for, or preview of, a test.”1 The goal is for you to master concepts and principles on which you will be tested. Please come talk with me if you have any questions on the homework. You are also encouraged to work with other people, but what you turn in must be your own work. I highly recommend you make time to do additional problems as you study for the course.
EXAMINATIONS: There will be three fifty-five minute examinations during the normal lecture time slot, as well as a two-hour final examination on Friday, May 11, 8:00 – 10:00 a.m. (make your travel plans accordingly!) A legitimate reason (e.g., verified serious illness) for missing a test must be discussed with the instructor prior to the exam. All exams will be closed-everything--any information you are not required to have memorized will be provided in your exam booklet. You will need to bring your own calculator to exams.
GETTING HELP: I will be available in my office MWF
10:50-11:50 a.m., T 4:40-5:40 p.m., and Th 9:40-10:40 a.m. If you can’t make one of these office hours,
please make an appointment with me.
Other helpful people include Darlane Kroening (x6224) and her student
tutors at the Learning Center.
|
GRADING: |
Homework: 20% |
3 Tests: 30% |
Lab Work + Project: 30% |
Final: 20% |
Grades will be assigned using a curve based on your cumulative percentage of points. However, everyone who earns at least 90% is guaranteed an A or an A-. Typically, if your cumulative score is close to the class average, you will receive a B—but this is not guaranteed.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: Obtaining copies of exams prior to their administration, using another person to take exams for you, using unauthorized materials during exams, sharing or stealing information during an exam, and alteration of a graded exam and then requesting a regrade all constitute cheating and are forbidden. As per the Macalester Student Handbook, I will report any clear violation of academic integrity standards to Ellen Guyer, the Dean of Academic Programs
1 Credit for this tough, unsentimental attitude goes
to my brilliant (if hard-nosed) colleague, Prof. R. G. Brisbois. Ask him about how he draws his academic philosophy from his proud Native American
heritage. Sadly, I am not nearly so
connected to my Japanese heritage—except in my predilection for eating raw
fish.
COURSE SCHEDULE (timing of lecture topics may vary)
|
Date |
Day |
Ch |
Topics/Event |
Lab Experiment |
|
1/29 |
M |
0-2 |
Introduction
and Basic Measurements |
Check-in/Orientation |
|
1/31 |
W |
3-4 |
Error and Statistics; Intro to Spreadsheets
|
|
|
2/2 |
F |
3-4 |
|
|
|
2/5 |
M |
27 |
Gravimetric
Analysis [PS
1 due] |
Gravimetric
Determination of Iron |
|
2/7 |
W |
5 |
Calibration Methods
|
as Fe2O3 [Harris 29-3] |
|
2/9 |
F |
19 |
Spectrophotometry
Basics |
|
|
2/12 |
M
|
19 |
|
[continued]
|
|
2/14 |
W
|
22 |
Atomic Spectroscopy [PS 2 due]
|
|
|
2/16 |
F |
6 |
Basics
of Chemical Equilibrium [notebooks
due] |
|
2/19
|
M |
6 |
|
Spectrophotometric
Analysis of |
2/21
|
W |
7 |
Precipitation
Titrations [PS
3 due] |
Iron in Vitamin Tablets |
2/23
|
F
|
|
Test 1 (PS 1, 2, 3; lectures thru 2/19)
|
[Harris 29-17]
|
2/26
|
M
|
7 |
|
Atomic
Absorption Determination
|
2/28
|
W
|
8 |
Activity
|
of Lead in Soil Samples
|
3/2
|
F
|
9 |
Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium [PS 4 due]
|
[Handout]
|
3/5
|
M
|
9 |
|
[continued]
|
3/7
|
W
|
10 |
Monoprotic Acids and Bases
|
|
3/9
|
F
|
10 |
|
|
|
3/12 |
M
|
11 |
Polyprotic
Acids and Bases [PS 5 due]
|
Acid/Base
Titration: Gran Plot
|
3/14
|
W
|
11 |
[Independent Project
Proposal due]
|
[Harris 29-8]
|
3/16
|
F
|
12 |
Acid-Base Titrations [notebooks due]
|
|
|
|
|
|
3/17 – 3/25 Spring
Break
|
No Classes!
|
3/26
|
M
|
12 |
|
[continued]
|
3/28
|
W
|
13 |
EDTA Titrations [PS 6 due]
|
|
3/30
|
F
|
|
Test 2 (PS 4, 5, 6; lectures thru 3/26)
|
|
4/2
|
M
|
20 |
Spectrophotometry Applications
|
Independent
Projects
|
4/4
|
W
|
20 |
|
|
4/6
|
F
|
14 |
Electrochemistry Fundamentals [PS 7 due]
|
|
4/9
|
M
|
14 |
|
[continued]
|
|
4/11 |
W |
15 |
Potentiometry
|
|
|
4/13 |
F |
|
Good
Friday |
No Classes
|
|
4/16 |
M |
16 |
Redox Titrations [PS 8
due] |
[continued]
|
|
4/18 |
W |
16 |
|
|
|
4/20 |
F |
23-24 |
Analytical Separations: Chromatography
|
|
|
4/23 |
M |
23-24 |
|
[continued]
|
|
4/25 |
W
|
|
Independent
Project Presentations [PS 9 due]
|
|
|
4/27 |
F
|
|
Test 3: (PS 7,
8, 9; lectures thru 4/23)
|
|
|
4/30 |
M
|
|
Independent
Project Presentations
|
Spectrophotometric
Measurement |
|
5/2 |
W
|
|
Independent
Project Presentations
|
of
an Equilibrium Constant
|
5/4
|
F
|
|
Independent
Project Presentations
|
[Harris 29-19]
|
|
5/7 |
M
|
|
Independent
Project Presentations [notebooks due]
|
Check-out
+ Course Evaluations
|
Final Examination: Friday, May 11,
8:00 – 10:00 a.m.