{"id":172,"date":"2021-03-23T11:01:03","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T16:01:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/160-communications\/?page_id=172"},"modified":"2022-05-02T15:29:27","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T20:29:27","slug":"a","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/communications\/styleguide\/section\/a\/","title":{"rendered":"College Style Guide: A"},"content":{"rendered":"

A<\/a>    B<\/a>    C<\/a>    D<\/a>    E<\/a>    F<\/a>    G<\/a>    H<\/a>    I<\/a>    J<\/a>    K<\/a>    L<\/a>
M<\/a>    N<\/a>    O<\/a>    P<\/a>    Q<\/a>    R<\/a>    S<\/a>    T<\/a>    U<\/a>    V<\/a>    W<\/a>    Y<\/a>    Appendices<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

abbreviations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With most abbreviations, no periods are necessary: IQ, IOU, VCR, HMO, US (10.4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Form the plural by adding an s (no apostrophe): VCRs, HMOs, DVDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Us abbreviations such as Rev. and Hon. when \u201cthe\u201d does not precede the title: Rev. John Smith; the Reverend John Smith. Hon. Robert L. Brown; the Honorable Robert L. Brown. (10.18)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The indefinite article (a, an) used before an abbreviation is based on pronunciation: an HMO, a UFO, a NATO member.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For acronyms, use all caps and no periods: AIDS, BIPOC, CARE, VISTA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For an in-depth discussion of abbreviations, including when to use them, see Chicago<\/em> 10.3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

academic degrees<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Omit periods in abbreviations: BA, PhD, MD, RN, MBA, MFA. (Chicago 10.21). An exception may be made for more formal documents and certificates: Ph.D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Form the plural by adding s: BAs, PhDs, MBAs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use lowercase and, where appropriate, possessive in text: She is pursuing a master\u2019s degree in business administration. He earned a doctorate in political science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The indefinite article (a, an) proceeding a degree depends on pronunciation: He earned a PhD; she earned an MBA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

academic departments and programs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

For a current list of department and program names, see macalester.edu\/academics<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capitalize \u201cdepartment\u201d when referring to academic former departments: English Department; Department of English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lowercase in other uses: The department added two faculty members; departments of English and History.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

academic subjects\/disciplines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Lowercase when making a general reference to a discipline or describing an academic program: She is majoring in philosophy. The broader our view of cognitive science, the better we can understand how the mind works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capitalize when presenting the discipline or department formally. the Cognitive Science concentration at Macalester; the Philosophy Department.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For disciplines with \u201cstudies\u201d in the name, capitalize when referring to the department: Asian Studies is an interdisciplinary program. Lowercase for more general references: He is majoring in Asian studies at Macalester.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

academic titles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Capitalize titles when they precede a name; lowercase when they follow a name: Professor Jane Smith; Jane Smith, associate professor of English. (Note that the title \u201cprofessor\u201d before the name doesn\u2019t distinguish between professional ranks.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Descriptive titles are lowercase: English professor Jane Smith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capitalize named professorships and place them after the name: John Smith, John E. Doe Professor of Philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emeritus (retired) professors use their last active title followed by emeritus or emerita: Charles Green, professor emeritus of political science; John Q. Smith, Margaret W. Harmon Professor of Christian Theology and Culture, emeritus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

accent marks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Use when requested by or widely used by the writer, or when quoting from text that uses them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

acronyms<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See abbreviations and acronyms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

advisor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Use rather than adviser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

African American, Japanese American, Indian American<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Do not hyphenate these or other compound nationalities. (8.39)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See also numbers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spell out up to one hundred: She was only twenty-three when she died. He celebrated his one hundredth birthday today. At 103, she is the oldest resident in the nursing home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

all caps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avoid using except when necessary in acronyms, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

alumni names with class year<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Example: Ruth Stricker Dayton \u201957 P\u201988<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use a single quote mark (in the proper direction) before each number, no comma between, and no space between P and \u201988. Add a space between name & class year and between class year & \u201cP.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alumni Engagement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Alumni Engagement is part of the college’s broader Engagement program, which includes the Macalester Fund and Special Events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use lowercase for informal usage (alumni office); capitalize formal name only: Alumni Engagement. For postal address, always use Alumni Engagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alumni Relations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See Alumni Engagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annual Fund<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See Macalester Fund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alumni Board<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Capitalize. Lowercase \u201cboard\u201d in subsequence references.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

alumnus\/alumna\/alumni<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Alumna is a female graduate; the plural is alumnae. Alumnus is a male graduate; the plural is alumni. However, alumni is considered to be gender-inclusive, so we use it for a group including both males and females. Alum and alums are appropriate in casual use. An alumnus is anyone who attended Macalester for at least two semesters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

apostrophe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Do not use for plurals: DVDs, MBAs, 1700s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use in abbreviated decades: He graduated sometime in the late ’60s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

articles (magazines, newspaper, etc.)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See titles of works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

awards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

See also fellow, fellowship.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    LM    N    O    P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W    Y    Appendices abbreviations With most abbreviations, no periods are necessary: IQ, IOU, VCR, HMO, US (10.4) Form the plural by adding an s (no apostrophe): VCRs, HMOs, DVDs. Us abbreviations such as Rev. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":516,"featured_media":0,"parent":175,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-172","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t