{"id":615,"date":"2017-10-05T12:36:02","date_gmt":"2017-10-05T12:36:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/160-environmental-studies\/majorsminors\/"},"modified":"2024-07-24T16:01:26","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T16:01:26","slug":"majorsminors","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/environmental-studies\/majorsminors\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental Studies Major &amp; Minor Requirements"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"catalogInclude\">\n<p>\n\n    <a href=\"#program-3962\"> Environmental Studies Major <\/a>  | \n\n    <a href=\"#program-3960\"> Environmental Studies Minor <\/a> \n\n<\/p>\n\n<h3>General Distribution Requirements<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143872\">ENVI 106<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143868\">ENVI 220<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143869\">ENVI 130<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143870\">ENVI 133<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143873\">ENVI 150<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145278\">ENVI 160<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143892\">ENVI 170<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146002\">ENVI 204<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145703\">ENVI 235<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143871\">ENVI 240<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146011\">ENVI 277<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145408\">ENVI 360<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145871\">ENVI 370<\/a>\u00a0count toward the general distribution requirement in mathematics and natural science. <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145335\">ENVI 172<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145588\">ENVI 203<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143876\">ENVI 215<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143877\">ENVI 225<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143879\">ENVI 231<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143880\">ENVI 232<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143883\">ENVI 237<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143896\">ENVI 239<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143885\">ENVI 252<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145699\">ENVI 254<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143886\">ENVI 258<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143890\">ENVI 270<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145321\">ENVI 275<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143897\">ENVI 335<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145839\">ENVI 337<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143902\">ENVI 368<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145301\">ENVI 375<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143907\">ENVI 477<\/a>\u00a0and <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143908\">ENVI 478<\/a>\u00a0count toward the general distribution requirement in social science.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143878\">ENVI 221<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145954\">ENVI 230<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143881\">ENVI 234<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143882\">ENVI 236<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143888\">ENVI 262<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145912\">ENVI 264<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145971\">ENVI 268<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145937\">ENVI 274<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143891\">ENVI 280<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145716\">ENVI 281<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143898\">ENVI 340<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143899\">ENVI 343<\/a>\u00a0count toward the distribution requirement in humanities.<\/p><h3>General Education Requirements<\/h3><p>Courses that meet the general education requirements in writing, quantitative thinking, internationalism and U.S identities and differences will be posted on the Registrar's web page in advance of registration for each semester. Additional information on general distribution requirements and the general education requirements can be found in the graduation requirements\u00a0section of this catalog.<\/p><h3>Advanced Placement<\/h3><p>Students who received a score of 4 or 5 on the Advanced Placement (AP) environmental science exam will receive 4 credits towards the College's graduation requirement\u00a0but it does not\u00a0fulfill any requirements for the ES major.<\/p><h3>Honors Program<\/h3><p>The Environmental Studies Department participates in the honors program. Eligibility requirements, application procedures and specific project expectations for the department are available from either the department office or the Academic Programs and Advising Office.<\/p><h3>Topics Courses<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143874\">ENVI 194<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143894\">ENVI 294<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143905\">ENVI 394<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143912\">ENVI 494<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><p>Topics are occasional courses, offered by instructors at their own initiative or in response to student requests. They will be announced at registration. Topics courses, depending on their content, may satisfy major requirements or college distribution requirements. This will be noted in the course description available for registration. (4 credits)<\/p><h3>Independent Study<\/h3><p>The department offers independent study options in the form of independent projects, internships, preceptorships and Honors independent projects. For more information contact the department and review the Curriculum\u00a0\u00a0section of the catalog.<\/p>\n\n\n    <h2 id=\"program-3962\">Environmental Studies Major<\/h2>\n    \n<h3>Major Requirements<\/h3><p>The Environmental Studies major consists of 7 courses (26 credits) in environmental studies plus a 7-course emphasis.<\/p><p><strong>1.  Foundations Courses:<\/strong> These courses are meant to introduce students to the range of topics and approaches utilized in studying environmental issues.<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143892\"> ENVI 170 - Ecology and the Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143876\">ENVI 215 - Environmental Politics\/Policy<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143881\">ENVI 234 - U.S. Environmental History<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143871\">ENVI 240 - The Earth's Climate System<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143891\">ENVI 280 - Environmental Classics<\/a>       <\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>2.  Disciplinary or Interdisciplinary Emphasis:<\/strong> The emphasis allows students to gain depth, either by learning how one discipline approaches environmental issues or by taking an interdisciplinary perspective to understand a particular environmental theme or problem.  The emphasis is a series of seven courses, at least two at the 300- or 400- level (except for the Chemistry emphasis), to provide depth that includes a methods course and a research-based course.<\/p><p><strong>Disciplinary Emphases:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Anthropology<\/li>\n\t<li>Biology<\/li>\n\t<li>Chemistry<\/li>\n\t<li>Economics<\/li>\n\t<li>Educational Studies<\/li>\n\t<li>English<\/li>\n\t<li>Geography<\/li>\n\t<li>Geology<\/li>\n\t<li>History<\/li>\n\t<li>Mathematics\/Statistics\/Computer Science<\/li>\n\t<li>Philosophy<\/li>\n\t<li>Physics<\/li>\n\t<li>Political Science<\/li>\n\t<li>Psychology<\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Interdisciplinary Emphases:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Climate Science and Policy<\/li>\n\t<li>Communication Studies<\/li>\n\t<li>Community and Global Health<\/li>\n\t<li>Environmental Justice<\/li>\n\t<li>Food Systems<\/li>\n\t<li>International Environment and Development<\/li>\n\t<li>Sustainable Design<\/li>\n\t<li>Urban Sustainability<\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>3.  Capstone:<\/strong>  As the capstone course for the ES major, this combined internship and seminar course provides students the opportunity to reflect on their career goals while gaining \"real world\" experience working for a local nonprofit, agency, or company.  Students reflect on the skills they have gained, network with professionals in the field, and chart out a plan for their first five years out of college.  The courses are to be taken concurrently in the fall semester of the senior year. <\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143910\">ENVI 489 - Environmental Leadership Practicum<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143911\">ENVI 490 - Envi St Leadership Seminar<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><h3>Preapproved Disciplinary Emphases<\/h3><p><a id=\"discemp\" name=\"discemp\"><\/a><\/p><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"height:144px;width:483px;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"vertical-align:top;width:205px;\">\n\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"#ANTH\">Anthropology<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#BIOL\">Biology<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#CHEM\">Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#ECON\">Economics<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#EDUC\">Educational Studies<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#engl\">English<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#GEOG\">Geography<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul><\/td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"vertical-align:top;width:295px;\">\n\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"#GEOL\">Geology<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#HIST\">History<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#MACS\">Mathematics\/Statistics\/Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#PHIL\">Philosophy<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#PHYS\">Physics<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#POLI\">Political Science<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#PSYC\">Psychology<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul><\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3><a name=\"ANTH\"><\/a>Anthropology<\/h3><p>Required course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143237\">ANTH 101 - General Anthropology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143238\">ANTH 111 - Cultural Anthropology<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143244\">ANTH 230 - Ethnographic Interviewing<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145446\"> ANTH 232 - Field Methods and Research Design<\/a>  <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145595\"> ANTH 270 - Cultural Resource Management<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143269\"> ANTH 381 - Emerging Infectious Diseases<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 4)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143240\">ANTH 115 - Biological Anthropology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143877\"> ENVI 225 - 100 Words for Snow: Language and Nature<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143245\">ANTH 239 - Medical Anthropology<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143260\">ANTH 340 - Human Evolution<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143264\">ANTH 363 - Anthropology of Development<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145332\"> ANTH 387 - Darwin and Evolutionary Thought<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"BIOL\"><\/a>Biology<\/h3><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143428\">BIOL 180 - Biodiversity and Evolution<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143426\">BIOL 190 - Genetics<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Strongly recommended but not required:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143491\">CHEM 111 - General Chemistry I: Structure and Equilibrium<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144501\">STAT 155 - Introduction to Statistical Modeling<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145827\">ENVI 359 - Big Data in Ecology<\/a> (Prerequisites are <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143892\">ENVI 170<\/a>  and either <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145598\">STAT 112<\/a>  or <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144501\">STAT 155<\/a> )<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146035\">ENVI 385 - Wildlife Monitoring Techniques<\/a> Techniques (Prerequisites are <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143892\">ENVI 170<\/a> and either <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143428\">BIOL 180<\/a>  or <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143871\">ENVI 240<\/a> . Recommended <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144501\">STAT 155<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143445\"> BIOL 302 - Invertebrate Animal Diversity<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145546\">ENVI 344 - Aquatic Ecology<\/a>   <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145827\">ENVI 359 - Big Data in Ecology<\/a> (if not taken as a methods or elective course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145829\">ENVI 362 - Arctic Ecology<\/a> (if not taken as an elective course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143450\"> BIOL 366 - Plant Ecophysiology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145871\">ENVI 370 - Ecosystem Ecology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146030\">BIOL 380 - Animal Behavior: Fundamentals and Applications<\/a>   <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143459\"> BIOL 476 - Research in Biodiversity and Evolution<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145436\"> BIOL 480 - Research in Paleobiology<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective course: (choose 2)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145826\">BIOL 110 - Plants, Environment, and Society<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143491\">CHEM 111 - General Chemistry I: Structure and Equilibrium<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145922\">GEOG 239 - Neotropical Landscapes<\/a>   <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145868\">ENVI 310 - Agroecology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145827\"> ENVI 359 - Big Data in Ecology <\/a> (if not taken as a methods or research course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145829\"> ENVI 362 - Arctic Ecology<\/a> (if not taken as a research course)<\/li>\n\t<li>ENVI 394 - Global Change Biology<\/li>\n\t<li>Or 1 approved elective course (may be a pre-approved study away course)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Note:  Courses in the methods and research categories could be electives if they aren't counted for one of those other categories.<\/p><h3><a name=\"CHEM\"><\/a>Chemistry<\/h3><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143491\">CHEM 111 - General Chemistry I: Structure and Equilibrium<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143492\">CHEM 112 - General Chemistry II: Energetics and Reactivity<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143493\">CHEM 115 - Accelerated General Chemistry<\/a> can be substituted for CHEM 111 and 112<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143497\">CHEM 211 - Organic Chemistry I<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143498\">CHEM 212 - Organic Chemistry II<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143499\">CHEM 222 - Analytical Chemistry<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144497\"> MATH 135 - Applied Multivariable Calculus I<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144785\">PHYS 226 - Principles of Physics I<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143506\"> CHEM 320 - Computational Chemistry<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li>CHEM 394 - Research in Organic Chemistry<\/li>\n\t<li>CHEM 394 - Research in Biochemistry<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"ECON\"><\/a>Economics <\/h3><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143674\">ECON 119 - Principles of Economics<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143697\"> ECON 361 - Intermediate Microeconomic Analysis<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143698\"> ECON 371 - Intermediate Macroeconomic Analysis<\/a> <strong>or<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143699\"> ECON 381 - Introduction to Econometrics<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144497\"> MATH 135 - Applied Multivariable Calculus I<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144499\"> MATH 137 - Applied Multivariable Calculus II<\/a>  (MATH 137 is recommended when possible)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143879\"> ENVI 231 - Environmental Economics and Policy<\/a>   <strong>or<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145703\">ENVI 235 - Climate Change: Science, Economics, and Policy<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 2)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143879\"> ENVI 231 - Environmental Economics and Policy<\/a>  (if not counted as Research course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145703\">ENVI 235 - Climate Change: Science, Economics, and Policy<\/a> (if not counted as a Research course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143896\"> ENVI 239 - Neotropical Landscapes<\/a>   <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143704\"> ECON 426 - International Economic Development Capstone<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143705\"> ECON 431 - Economics of Public Policy<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Note that this emphasis fulfills the requirements for a minor in Economics<\/p><h3><a name=\"EDUC\"><\/a>Educational Studies<\/h3><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143735\">EDUC 220 - Educational Psychology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145321\"> ENVI 275 - Outdoor Environmental Education in Theory, Policy and Practice<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143737\">EDUC 330 - Philosophy of Education<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course (choose 1):<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145457\"> EDUC 380 - Research Methods for Education and Advocacy<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145284\">EDUC 390 - Teaching and Learning in Urban Schools<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course (choose 1):<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145457\">EDUC 380 - Research Methods for Education and Advocacy<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143751\"> EDUC 460 - Education and Social Change<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses:<\/p><ul><li>Choose 1 of the following\n\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143878\">ENVI 221 - Environmental Ethics<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143883\">ENVI 237 - Environmental Justice<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n\t<li>Choose 1 of the following: \n\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143882\">ENVI 236 - Consumer Nation: American Consumer Culture in the 20th Century<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143897\">ENVI 335 - Science and Citizenship<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143899\">ENVI 343 - Imperial Nature: The United States and the Global Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145839\"> ENVI 337 - Energy Justice<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143902\">ENVI 368 - Sustainable Development and Global Future<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a id=\"engl\" name=\"engl\"><\/a>English<\/h3><p>In order to complete an English emphasis as part of an Environmental Studies major, students will take seven courses with the ENGL prefix (may include cross-listed courses). At least four of the seven required courses should be cross-listed between English and Environmental Studies or have a writing project in which students choose an environmental theme or focus. Courses should be distributed as follows:<\/p><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li>One Writers of Color course at any level<\/li>\n\t<li>One Pre-1900 literature course at the 200-level or above<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course:<\/p><ul><li>One foundation methods course (any ENGL course at the 100-level except ENGL 150); these courses serve as prerequisites for 300-level courses<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Choose 1 of 2 tracks:<\/p><p style=\"margin-left:40px;\">A.  Creative Writing<\/p><ul style=\"margin-left:40px;\"><li>\n\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143785\"> ENGL 150 - Introduction to Creative Writing<\/a>  (prerequisite for all other Creating Writing classes)<\/p>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Two Creative Writing electives, chosen in consultation with an advisor<\/p>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Research Course:  Creative Writing Capstone course (preferably taken in Senior year)<\/p>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul><p style=\"margin-left:40px;\">B.  Literature<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143888\"> ENVI 262 - Studies in Literature and the Natural World<\/a>  or any other cross-listed ENVI\/ENGL literature course<\/li>\n\t<li>Two electives, chosen in consultation with an advisor<\/li>\n\t<li>Research Course:  Literature Capstone course (preferably taken in Senior year)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>The English emphasis has the following restrictions:<\/p><ul><li>No more than two 100-level courses may count (including ENGL 150).<\/li>\n\t<li>No internships or preceptorships may count.<\/li>\n\t<li>No more than two literature courses taken on a study abroad program may count (for which prior approval of the chair is required).<\/li>\n\t<li>Neither AP nor IB nor ENGL 101 may count<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143780\"> ENGL 125 - Studies in Literature<\/a> taken at Macalester may count, but when it is granted by the Registrar as credit for AP or IB, it may not count.<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"GEOG\"><\/a>Geography<\/h3><p>Required course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143880\">ENVI 232 - Food, Agriculture and the Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143985\">GEOG 225 - Introduction to Geographic Information Systems<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145346\">GEOG 352 - Remote Sensing of the Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144008\"> GEOG 277 - Qualitative Research Methods in Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143907\">ENVI 477 - Comparative Environment and Development: A Seminar in Political Ecology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143908\">ENVI 478 - Another World is Possible: The Political Economy of Urban Sustainability<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses:<\/p><ul><li>Choose 1 of the following 200-level courses:\n\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145588\"> ENVI 203 - Introduction to Urban Ecology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143885\">ENVI 252 - Water and Power<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143886\">ENVI 258 - Geog of Environmental Hazards<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n\t<li>Choose 1 Regional Geography course:\n\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143988\"> GEOG 242 - Regional Geography of the US and Canada<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143989\"> GEOG 243 - Geography of Africa: Local Resources and Livelihoods in a Global Context<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143991\"> GEOG 247 - Regional Geography of the Middle East<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143993\"> GEOG 249 - Environment and Society in Latin America<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n\t<li>Choose 2 additional 200 or 300 level Geography courses:\n\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146001\">GEOG 204 - Earth and the Environment: Elements of Physical Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146111\">ENVI 217 - Political Ecology of Natural Resources<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146112\">ENVI 219 - Environmental Health and Development<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145974\">GEOG 234 - Migration, Environment and Place Identity(ies): Exploring Geographies of Home, Mobility and Place<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143884\">ENVI 238 - Food Justice and Sustainability<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145922\">GEOG 239 - Neotropical Landscapes<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143987\"> GEOG 241 - Urban Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145699\">ENVI 254 - Population 8 Billion: Global Population Issues and Trends<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143997\"> GEOG 256 - Health Geography<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143999\"> GEOG 261 - World Urbanization<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144004\"> GEOG 341 - Social Justice and the City: Segregation, Integration, and Gentrification<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145346\"> GEOG 352 - Remote Sensing of the Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144005\"> GEOG 364 - GIS and Community Partnerships<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144006\"> GEOG 365 - Urban GIS<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145347\"> GEOG 367 - Environmental Geographic Information Systems (GIS)<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145459\"> GEOG 368 - Health GIS<\/a>   <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146003\">GEOG 372 - Advanced Remote Sensing<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145301\">ENVI 375 - Rural Landscapes and Livelihoods<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144009\"> GEOG 278 - Statistical Research Methods in Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"GEOL\"><\/a>Geology<\/h3><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145408\"> ENVI 360 - Paleoclimate<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li>Choose 2 of the following:\n\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143868\">ENVI 220 - Environmental Geology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145278\">ENVI 160 - Dynamic Earth and Global Change<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144045\">GEOL 165 - History and Evolution of Earth<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143491\">CHEM 111 - General Chemistry I: Structure and Equilibrium<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144499\">MATH 137 - Applied Multivariable Calculus II<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143985\">GEOG 225 - Introduction to Geographic Information Systems<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144785\">PHYS 226 - Principles of Physics I<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144050\">GEOL 250 - Mineralogy<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144053\">GEOL 265 - Sedimentology\/Stratigraphy<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144056\">GEOL 300 - Paleobiology<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 2)<\/p><ul><li>Any additional research course<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145909\">GEOL 105 - Geohazards<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144049\">GEOL 201 - Geological Excursions<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144052\">GEOL 260 - Geomorphology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144059\">GEOL 303 - Surface\/Groundwater Hydrology<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"HIST\"><\/a>History<\/h3><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143898\"> ENVI 340 - US Urban Environmental History<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143899\"> ENVI 343 - Imperial Nature: The United States and the Global Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145729\">HIST 290 - History: Then and Now<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses (choose 5)<\/p><ul><li>At least 4 of the 7 required courses should be cross-listed between history and Environmental Studies (or otherwise have a clear environmental focus)<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"MACS\"><\/a>Mathematics\/Statistics\/Computer Science<\/h3><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143620\">COMP 123 - Core Concepts in Computer Science<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144499\">MATH 137 - Applied Multivariable Calculus II<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144505\">MATH 237 - Applied Multivariable Calculus III<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144501\"> STAT 155 - Introduction to Statistical Modeling<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course:<\/p><ul><li>Any 400-level course (must have same prefix as electives)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses:  (choose 2 with the same prefix, in addition to a research course)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144504\">MATH 236 - Linear Algebra<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144506\">STAT 253 - Statistical Machine Learning<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144498\">MATH 279 - Discrete Mathematics<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143630\">COMP 302 - Introduction to Database Management Systems<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144510\">MATH 312 - Differential Equations<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143631\"> COMP 320 - Computational Biology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144514\">MATH 365 - Computational Linear Algebra<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144523\">MATH 432 - Mathematical Modeling<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145813\">COMP 435 - Data Visualization<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Note that many upper-level MATH and COMP courses have additional prerequisites.<\/p><h3><a name=\"PHIL\"><\/a>Philosophy<\/h3><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144726\"> PHIL 121 - Introduction to Ethics<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143878\">ENVI 221 - Environmental Ethics<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144724\">PHIL 110 - Critical Thinking<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144725\">PHIL 111 - Introduction to Symbolic Logic<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144742\">PHIL 310 - Philosophy of Science<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course:<\/p><ul><li>To be chosen in collaboration with advisor<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145937\">ENVI 274 - Spinoza's Eco-Society: Contractless Society and Its Ecology<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 3)<\/p><ul><li>To be chosen in collaboration with advisor<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"PHYS\"><\/a>Physics<\/h3><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li>Choose 1 of the following\n\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143869\">ENVI 130 - Science of Renewable Energy<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145614\"> ENVI 350 - Renewable Energy Systems<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144785\">PHYS 226 - Principles of Physics I<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144786\">PHYS 227 - Principles of Physics II<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144790\">PHYS 331 - Modern Physics<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144793\">PHYS 348 - Laboratory Instrumentation<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144810\"> PHYS 614 - Independent Project<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li>A summer REU or on-campus research experience approved by the Physics Department<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses:<\/p><ul><li>1 or 2 courses above the 300 level (2 courses if PHYS 614 was not taken)<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"POLI\"><\/a>Political Science<\/h3><p>Methods course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144861\"> POLI 269 - Empirical Research Methods<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143897\"> ENVI 335 - Science and Citizenship<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145839\"> ENVI 337 - Energy Justice<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Choose 1 of 2 tracks:<\/p><p style=\"margin-left:40px;\">A.  American Politics<\/p><ul style=\"margin-left:40px;\"><li>\n\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144825\"> POLI 100 - Foundations of US Politics<\/a>  <\/p>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Choose 1 of the following<\/p>\n\n\t<ul><li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144838\"> POLI 205 - US Politics and Policymaking<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144845\"> POLI 216 - Legislative Politics<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Electives: (choose 3)<\/p>\n\n\t<ul><li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144837\"> POLI 204 - US City and Metro Politics<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144842\"> POLI 212 - Litigation and Public Policy in the U.S.<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143885\"> ENVI 252 - Water and Power<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144878\"> POLI 290 - Chuck Green Civic Engagement Fellowship<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p>POLI 394 - Politics of the 4th Branch<\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><p style=\"margin-left:40px;\">B.  International Politics<\/p><ul style=\"margin-left:40px;\"><li>\n\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144827\"> POLI 120 - Foundations of International Politics<\/a> <\/p>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Choose 1 of the following<\/p>\n\n\t<ul><li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144828\"> POLI 140 - Foundations of Comparative Politics<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144847\"> POLI 221 - Global Governance<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Electives: (choose 3)<\/p>\n\n\t<ul><li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144846\"> POLI 220 - Foreign Policy: The Evolution of China's Grand Strategy, 1950-2050<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144850\"> POLI 242 - Political Economy of Development<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144860\"> POLI 265 - Work, Wealth, Well-Being<\/a> <span style=\"font-weight:inherit;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight:inherit;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145937\">ENVI 274 - Spinoza's Eco-Society: Contractless Society and Its Ecology<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144870\"> POLI 320 - Global Political Economy<\/a>  (research paper)<\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144873\"> POLI 323 - Humanitarianism in World Politics<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li>\n\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144876\"> POLI 341 - Comparative Social Movements<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"PSYC\"><\/a>Psychology<\/h3><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144926\">PSYC 254 - Social Psychology<\/a> with Environmental project focus<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143890\">ENVI 270 - Psychology of Sustainable Behavior<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144937\"> PSYC 272 - Health Psychology<\/a>  or <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145453\"> PSYC 377 - Moral Psychology<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144501\">STAT 155 - Introduction to Statistical Modeling<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144915\">PSYC 201 - Research in Psychology I<\/a> (preferred)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144942\">PSYC 380 - Community Psychology and Public Health<\/a> with Environmental project<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 2)<\/p><ul><li>2 Psychology courses at the 200 or 300 level chosen in consultation with your advisor<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3>Preapproved Interdisciplinary Emphases<\/h3><p><a id=\"idiscemp\" name=\"idiscemp\"><\/a><\/p><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"height:97px;width:505px;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"vertical-align:top;width:264px;\">\n\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"#ClimateSci\">Climate Science and Policy<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#CommSt\">Communication Studies<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#CommGlobal\">Community and Global Health<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#EnvJust\">Environmental Justice<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul><\/td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"vertical-align:top;width:235px;\">\n\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"#FoodSys\">Food Systems<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#FoodSys\">International Environment and Development<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#SusDesign\">Sustainable Design <\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#urban-sustainability\">Urban Sustainability<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul><\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3><a name=\"ClimateSci\"><\/a>Climate Science and Policy<\/h3><p>Consensus is growing on the national and international scale that climate change is real and urgent action is needed. However, responses differ among policy makers and other actors about the methods we should use to implement energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions. This interdisciplinary emphasis examines the climate change problem and the most effective policy and development options for carbon mitigation strategies. Students can opt for an emphasis that weighs more heavily on either the science or policy dimensions.<\/p><p>Required courses (choose 2):<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143869\">ENVI 130 - Science of Renewable Energy<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143880\">ENVI 232 - Food, Agriculture and the Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146068\">ENVI 273 - Psychology and\/of Climate Change<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144861\">POLI 269 - Empirical Research Methods<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145408\"> ENVI 360 - Paleoclimate<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144008\">GEOG 277 - Qualitative Research Methods in Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144009\">GEOG 278 - Statistical Research Methods in Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143897\">ENVI 335 - Science and Citizenship<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145839\">ENVI 337 - Energy Justice<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 3)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145909\">GEOL 105 - Geohazards<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143869\"> ENVI 130 - Science of Renewable Energy<\/a> (if not taken as a required course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143873\">ENVI 150 - Climate and Society<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145955\">ENVI 180 - Oceanography<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144838\"> POLI 205 - US Politics and Policymaking<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143879\">ENVI 231 - Environmental Economics and Policy<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143880\">ENVI 232 - Food, Agriculture and the Environment<\/a> (if not taken as a required course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145703\"> ENVI 235 - Climate Change: Science, Economics, and Policy<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143883\">ENVI 237 - Environmental Justice<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143886\">ENVI 258 - Geog of Environmental Hazards<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li>  <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145614\"> ENVI 350 - Renewable Energy Systems<\/a>       <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145408\"> ENVI 360 - Paleoclimate<\/a> (if not taken as a methods course)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p style=\"margin-left:40px;\">Note that ECON electives require <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143674\"> ECON 119 - Principles of Economics<\/a>  as a prerequisite.<\/p><h3><a name=\"CommSt\"><\/a>Communication Studies<\/h3><p><span>Communication<\/span><span> of environmental ideas and beliefs by individuals, institutions, societies, and cultures are central to the definition and solution of environmental problems. This emphasis focuses on how environmental messages and media (traditional and social media) are crafted, distributed, and received. <span> <\/span>This includes a wide range of themes including journalism, social marketing, risk communication and collaboration and conflict.<\/span><\/p><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144562\">MCST 110 - Texts and Power: Foundations of Media and Cultural Studies<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143890\">ENVI 270 - Psychology of Sustainable Behavior<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li>Choose 1 of the following: (if both are taken, the other can serve as an elective)\n\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144564\">MCST 126 - Local News Media Institutions<\/a> <\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144567\"> MCST 202 - Global Media Industries<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144565\">MCST 128 - Film Analysis\/Visual Culture<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145544\"> MCST 232 - Fundamentals of Video Production<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course:<\/p><ul><li>The required courses fulfill this requirement<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 3)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144563\">MCST 114 - News Reporting and Writing<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143877\"> ENVI 225 - 100 Words for Snow: Language and Nature<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145389\"> ART 233 - Photography I<\/a>   <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144580\">MCST 357 - Advanced Journalism: New Media<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li>One of these electives could also include:\n\t<ul><li>University of St. Thomas - COJO 372 - Environmental Communications<\/li>\n\t\t<li>University of St. Thomas - COJO 480 - Communication Ethics<\/li>\n\t<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>NOTE:<span>  Students completing this emphasis are required to also register for a Media and Cultural Studies minor (there are no additional courses required).  <\/span>It is understood that students will seek out opportunities to develop environmental themes in their project\/portfolio work in the non-ES courses. Please discuss with the Environmental Studies Chairperson any suitable courses that are not listed above as electives.<\/p><h3><a name=\"CommGlobal\"><\/a>Community and Global Health<\/h3><p>The emphasis in Community and Global Health (CGH) aims to connect the Environmental Studies major with the College's Concentration in Community and Global Health. Environmental conditions are known to have a significant impact on human health. Students in the CGH emphasis receive an introduction to the issues involved in health issues and then can take a broad interdisciplinary approach to these issues or tailor the emphasis with a focus on science, social science or humanities.<\/p><p>Required courses:  <\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146112\">ENVI 219 - Environmental Health and Development<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143997\">GEOG 256 - Health Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144496\">STAT 125 - Epidemiology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144501\">STAT 155 - Introduction to Statistical Modeling<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143985\">GEOG 225 - Introduction to Geographic Information Systems<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143441\">BIOL 357 - Immunology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143442\">BIOL 312 - Microbiology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145502\">GEOG 475 - Health Geography Seminar<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 3)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144496\">STAT 125 - Epidemiology<\/a> (if not taken as a methods course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144501\">STAT 155 - Introduction to Statistical Modeling<\/a> (if not taken as a methods course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144729\">PHIL 220 - Bioethics<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143985\">GEOG 225 - Introduction to Geographic Information Systems<\/a> (if not taken as a methods course)<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143883\">ENVI 237 - Environmental Justice<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143245\">ANTH 239 - Medical Anthropology<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143886\">ENVI 258 - Geog of Environmental Hazards<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145292\"> INTL 282 - Introduction to International Public Health<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145830\">BIOL 320 - Computational Biology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143897\">ENVI 335 - Science and Citizenship<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143441\"> BIOL 357 - Immunology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145459\">GEOG 368 - Health GIS<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li>ANTH\/ENVI 394 - Human Ecology of Infectious Disease <\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"EnvJust\"><\/a>Environmental Justice<\/h3><p>Poor and minority populations have historically borne the brunt of environmental inequalities in the United States, suffering disproportionately from the effects of pollution, dispossession of land, resource depletion, dangerous jobs, limited access to common resources, and exposure to environmental hazards. This interdisciplinary emphasis focuses on the ways that race, ethnicity, class, and gender have shaped the political and economic dimensions of environmental injustices, along with more recent political movements pushing to rectify environmental injustices and to develop new possibilities for understanding the human place in nature.<\/p><p>Required core course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143883\">ENVI 237 - Environmental Justice<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144501\">STAT 155 - Introduction to Statistical Modeling<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143985\">GEOG 225 - Introduction to Geographic Information Systems<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143244\">ANTH 230 - Ethnographic Interviewing<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144008\">GEOG 277 - Qualitative Research Methods in Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145346\">GEOG 352 - Remote Sensing of the Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145446\">ANTH 232 - Field Methods and Research Design<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145839\"> ENVI 337 - Energy Justice<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143693\"> ECON 342 - Economics of Poverty in the US<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143899\">ENVI 343 - Imperial Nature: The United States and the Global Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145459\">GEOG 368 - Health GIS<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 4)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146111\">ENVI 217 - Political Ecology of Natural Resources<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143878\">ENVI 221 - Environmental Ethics<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143879\">ENVI 231 - Environmental Economics and Policy<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143884\">ENVI 238 - Food Justice and Sustainability<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146011\">ENVI 277 - Sustainable Cities: Urban Environmental Science<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143994\"> GEOG 250 - Race, Place and Space<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143997\">GEOG 256 - Health Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143886\">ENVI 258 - Geog of Environmental Hazards<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143799\">ENGL 265 - Literature and Human Rights<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143890\"> ENVI 270 - Psychology of Sustainable Behavior<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143902\">ENVI 368 - Sustainable Development and Global Future<\/a>  <\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"FoodSys\"><\/a>Food Systems<\/h3><p>The food system emphasis allows focus on an interconnected set of biological, technological, economic, and social issues that connect to how food systems work.  Food system topics include small and large scale food production, access and consumption issues as well as a concern for the biophysical properties to agroecological systems.<\/p><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143880\">ENVI 232 - Food, Agriculture and the Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143884\">ENVI 238 - Food Justice and Sustainability<\/a>  <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course:<\/p><ul><li>TBD in consultation with your advisor.  Depending on student interest, this could be a natural science or social science methods course.  Some suggestions are <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143244\"> ANTH 230 - Ethnographic Interviewing<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143985\"> GEOG 225 - Introduction to Geographic Information Systems<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144501\"> STAT 155 - Introduction to Statistical Modeling<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143897\"> ENVI 335 - Science and Citizenship<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143450\"> BIOL 366 - Plant Ecophysiology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143907\"> ENVI 477 - Comparative Environment and Development: A Seminar in Political Ecology<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Electives: (choose 3 in consultation with your advisor) <\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143874\">ENVI 194<\/a>  - Food in French and Francophone Cultures:  The Local and the Global<\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143896\">ENVI 239 - Neotropical Landscapes<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143885\">ENVI 252 - Water and Power<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145491\"> INTL 290 - World to Table: Global Food Studies<\/a>     <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143450\"> BIOL 366 - Plant Ecophysiology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145616\">ANTH 369 - Food and Culture<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"IntlEnv\"><\/a>International Environment and Development<\/h3><p>This interdisciplinary emphasis focuses on the concept of sustainable development by tracing historical and contemporary understandings of wealth and resource distribution within and between countries.  These courses provide students with a grounding in the economic, political, and cultural conceptions of development, focusing on states in the Global South.<\/p><p>Required course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143674\">ECON 119 - Principles of Economics<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143985\">GEOG 225 - Introduction to Geographic Information Systems<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143244\">ANTH 230 - Ethnographic Interviewing<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144861\">POLI 269 - Empirical Research Methods<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143899\">ENVI 343 - Imperial Nature: The United States and the Global Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143902\">ENVI 368 - Sustainable Development and Global Future<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 4)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146111\">ENVI 217 - Political Ecology of Natural Resources<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146112\">ENVI 219 - Environmental Health and Development<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144847\"> POLI 221 - Global Governance<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143879\">ENVI 231 - Environmental Economics and Policy<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143880\">ENVI 232 - Food, Agriculture and the Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144850\">POLI 242 - Political Economy of Development<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143885\"> ENVI 252 - Water and Power<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143899\"> ENVI 343 - Imperial Nature: The United States and the Global Environment<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143264\">ANTH 363 - Anthropology of Development<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144321\">INTL 367 - Postcolonial Theory<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143902\"> ENVI 368 - Sustainable Development and Global Future<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143704\"> ECON 426 - International Economic Development Capstone<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143907\">ENVI 477 - Comparative Environment and Development: A Seminar in Political Ecology<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a name=\"SusDesign\"><\/a>Sustainable Design<\/h3><p>By marshaling natural resources in creative ways and on an unprecedented scale, industrial nations have developed new methods of converting the raw materials of nature--wood and metal, soil and water, coal and oil--into an economy capable of delivering fantastic comfort, abundance, and convenience to a steadily growing number of people. Yet the material advances of the industrial revolution are also directly responsible for many of the most serious environmental problems that now confront humanity. This interdisciplinary emphasis combines coursework at Macalester and DIS - Copenhagen to develop the skills of sustainable design: the active attempt to re-design the material world in ways that mitigate or eliminate the negative environmental impact of the buildings, products, and industrial systems on which the modern world relies.<\/p><p>Required courses:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143298\">ART 130 - Drawing I<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143310\">ART 235 - Sculpture I<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li>DIS Copenhagen Program - Architecture Foundations Studio<\/li>\n\t<li>DIS Copenhagen Program - Sustainable By Design<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145862\">ART 267 - 3-D Design<\/a>  <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses:<\/p><ul><li>3 other Art or Architecture courses (from Macalester or on study away program)<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3><a id=\"urban-sustainability\" name=\"urban-sustainability\"><\/a>Urban Sustainability<\/h3><p>Required course:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=146011\">ENVI 277 - Sustainable Cities: Urban Environmental Science<\/a>    <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Methods course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143244\">ANTH 230 - Ethnographic Interviewing<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143987\">GEOG 241 - Urban Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144000\">GEOG 262 - Metro Analysis<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144861\">POLI 269 - Empirical Research Methods<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145090\">SOCI 269 - Social Science Inquiry<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144008\">GEOG 277 - Qualitative Research Methods in Geography<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144004\">GEOG 341 - Social Justice and the City: Segregation, Integration, and Gentrification<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144006\">GEOG 365 - Urban GIS<\/a> (requires prerequisite)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Research course: (choose 1)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143898\">ENVI 340 - US Urban Environmental History<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145483\">GEOG 476 - Transportation Geography Seminar<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143908\">ENVI 478 - Another World is Possible: The Political Economy of Urban Sustainability<\/a>  <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Elective courses: (choose 4)<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145589\">GEOG 203 - Introduction to Urban Ecology<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144837\">POLI 204 - US City and Metro Politics<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143185\">AMST 250 - Race, Place and Space<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143999\">GEOG 261 - World Urbanization<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144000\">GEOG 262 - Metro Analysis<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145912\">ENVI 264 - Convergence: Art\/Science\/Design in Our City<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=143890\">ENVI 270 - Psychology of Sustainable Behavior<\/a>  <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=144238\">HIST 281 - The Andes: Landscape and Power<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.macalester.edu\/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=28&amp;coid=145474\">HIST 284 - Imaging the Modern City<\/a> <\/li>\n\t<li>Any additional methods or research courses listed above<\/li>\n<\/ul><p> <\/p>\n\n\n    <h2 id=\"program-3960\">Environmental Studies Minor<\/h2>\n    \n<h3>Minor Requirements<\/h3><p>The Environmental Studies minor consists of 5 courses (20 credits) in Environmental Studies. These courses should have the ENVI designation or cross-listed. At least one course should fulfill either the college general distribution requirement in social science or humanities\/fine arts, and one should be a natural science course with a lab section. The five courses may not include internships or independent studies. Courses from study away may be counted with permission of the department chair.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":913,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-615","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/environmental-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/environmental-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/environmental-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/environmental-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/913"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/environmental-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=615"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/environmental-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4865,"href":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/environmental-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/615\/revisions\/4865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.macalester.edu\/environmental-studies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}